American History I study help
Unit 3 Study Guide - https://bit.ly/2UGaIyE
Most men could vote by 1820 (universal suffrage)
the “common man” became active in politics
Election of 1824
Andrew Jackson wins the popular vote (doesn’t matter)
popular vote = most votes
Presidential candidates must win the...
electoral college
each state is worth a set amount of points based on population (same number of members in the House of Representatives)
each state also get 2 points for their senators
The candidate that wins the majority of electoral points (51%) is president
today... you need 270 pts to win
e.g. California is worth 55 pts and Montana is worth 3 pts
Jackson got the most votes, but it doesn't matter. It’s about electoral points, and Jackson did not win 51% of the points.
The election and the campaign (process of running for president) is dirty!
in fact... most elections after Washington have featured dirty name calling and smear campaigns
instead of talking about how great you are ► talk about how bad your opponent is!
John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th president
He wins the election due to a corrupt bargain
plan:
If he promises to build highways, canals, a national university and advance science through gov’t funding
Then, congress will allow John Quincy Adams to become president
none of this happened
Gibbons v. Ogden 1824
US government shuts down a monopoly
monopoly:
when one business controls all of one product
no competition
the business can name their own price ► if you don’t pay their price, you don’t get the product
Bad for consumers (the people)
Great for business
New York gives Mr. Ogden a license that grants him total control of the waterways near New York
If you want to ship goods into New York, then you can only hire Mr. Ogden
If you want to ship your goods, then you’ll pay whatever price he demands
Mr. Gibbons sues Mr. Ogden in the Supreme Court
Gibbons wins and is allowed to ship goods into New York as well
This creates competition between the two ships
This will lead to lower prices for consumers
National Gov’t is more powerful than the State Gov’t (USA > NY)
“tariff of abominations” (southern nickname)
Tariff of 1828
Protected New England manufacturers
Force Americans to buy from American businesses, not europe
If you buy goods from Europe ► pay the tariff
buy from america ► cheaper ► no tariff
South relied on trading with European Nations
South sold cotton to Europe
Tariff hurts them
Unfair to the South
It’s a lose-lose
either pay the Tariff to import goods from Europe
or pay the high shipping costs of buying goods from the North
nothing is made in the south
John C. Calhoun
Former South Carolina Senator (south)
The southern states should nullify the law (void, or throw it out)
Calhoun was Vice President
during this time VP ran separate from President
They were often enemies
To Be Continued...
End PowerPoint u3-24
King Andrew Jackson I
elected President in 1828
Jackson did not believe the gov’t should be involved in economics
he killed the 2nd Nat’l Bank of America
vetoed (vote no) a bill to renew the bank
he took all of the money out on the Nat’l Bank and gave to various state banks
“pet banks” the President Jackson could control
Jackson also blamed paper money for ruining in the economy
paper money fluctuates in value and can be worthless (inflation)
he issued an executive order (presidential rule):
the purchase of Federal Land must be done with specie (coins)
Gold, and silver do not suffer from inflation
you can’t print new money
you can’t make new Gold
Supply doesn’t go up quickly
Problem: No one can buy anything
People can’t buy land with their paper money
People don’t have gold & silver (it’s rare)
Panic of 1837
caused by the gov’t getting involved in the economy (irony)
Tariffs ...again
Nullification Crisis
Southern states want to ignore Tariff & threaten secession
secession:
leaving the nation (start a new country in the south)
Northern Senator Daniel Webster accused the south of Treason
President Jackson (southerner) supports the Tariff of 1832
brought the tariff price down from 45% to 35%
South not happy
Threaten to secede if Jackson attempts to collect the duty (tax money) via force
Jackson asked congress to use force
President must have the legislative branch’s approval to declare war
Before war breaks out... Henry Clay reaches another compromise
Federal Gov’t will lower the tariff to a smaller amount
Jackson is notorious (famous for being bad) for abusing his federal power as President
Still a southerner that supported states’ rights ► limited federal gov’t power by vetoing federal laws
Vetoed more federal laws than all 6 of the previous presidents combined
Spoils System
support Jackson ► help him get elected
get a gov’t job in return
USA uses this system today
Trail of Tears
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Signed by President Jackson
forcefully removed 100,000 american indians from the southeast (NC, SC, Georgia, and Tennessee)
Cherokee nation sued and won in the Supreme Court
President Jackson ignored the Supreme court
Forced the american indians to move to Oklahoma
4,000 died on The Trail of Tears
Checks and Balances?
Was Andrew Jackson a King?
No comments:
Post a Comment